Editing Apple Inc. (section)

=== Operational Shifts and Management Changes   ===

In 2016, Apple implemented several key operational changes to address its challenges and capitalise on emerging opportunities. A significant management change was the promotion of Jeff Williams to Chief Operating Officer, a move that underscored Apple’s commitment to operational excellence and strategic leadership.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hbr.org/2020/11/how-apple-is-organized-for-innovation |quote=Apple's hierarchical organizational structure, developed by Steve Jobs, fosters innovation by eliminating conventional management layers. }}</ref> This shift was part of broader organisational restructuring efforts aimed at streamlining operations and fostering innovation, while maintaining the hierarchical structure established by Steve Jobs.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hbr.org/2020/11/how-apple-is-organized-for-innovation |quote=Apple's hierarchical organizational structure, developed by Steve Jobs, fosters innovation by eliminating conventional management layers. }}</ref>  

Apple also adapted its business model by diversifying its product portfolio, most notably with the launch of the iPhone 7 and the first-generation AirPods. These products emphasised wireless technology and ecosystem integration, aligning with consumer trends and reinforcing Apple’s position as a leader in innovation. However, the company also faced supply chain challenges, including component shortages and production delays, which prompted increased investments in supplier relationships and risk management strategies. Apple’s efforts to restructure its supply chain, including potentially shifting up to 30% of its manufacturing out of China, reflected its focus on reducing dependency on a single region and mitigating geopolitical risks.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cips.org/supply-management/news/2023/january/how-apple-is-restructuring-its-supply-chain-to-reduce-risk/ |quote=Apple is restructuring its supply chain to reduce risk, including potentially shifting up to 30% of its manufacturing out of China. }}</ref>